Intercultural Memories

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Monday, April 27, 2009

True Colors--US values under stress

Since culture is developed so that a group can survive and succeed in a certain enviornment, and since under stress we tend to revert to our most basic (survival) values and behaviors, it is interesting to me to inquire about what the stress of the financial meltdown in the USA tells us about US values. It helps us see our "true colors," so to speak. It is also interesting to question at what point does an envrionmental change become so significant that a cultural value can come into question or a paradigm shift take place. 

With these questions in mind, I have asked friends and observers to reflect on this with me and share their perceptions. The following came from a friend and colleague on the West Coast, Diane Asitimbay. Some of you may familiar with and perhaps use in training newcomers to the US her very fine book, What's Up America?. Diane writes:

"First, I think the American workers' productivity is directly related to job security. In other words, we work so hard because we know that our jobs, and to some extent, ourselves, are a disposable commodity that employers can eliminate at a moment's notice. In other Western industrialized societies where there is more job security, more identity is invested in their job, and so they are out on the streets protesting the employer's practices and lay-offfs rather than blaming themselves. This has to do with the U.S. value of self-sufficiency and it's our fault that we lost our job rather than the forces outside our control or channeling the blame to excessive executive pay or poor labor or investment practices on the part of the employer.
 
"Second, people in the U.S. are so in mired in credit card debt that they feel guilty about this and have their nose to the grindstone working like dogs that they seldom get out on the streets and protest anything in measurable numbers. When people have so much debt, they have less choice, or none at all if they are not willing to risk a great deal.
 
"There is an interview segment in the Michael Moore movie "Sicko" that is particularly acidic and honest when legendary British Labour leader Tony Benn is interviewed by Moore. Benn says: 'Keeping people hopeless and pessimistic--see I think there are two ways in which people are controlled--first of all frighten people and secondly demoralize them.'  
 
"Third, since government help is interpreted not as a good thing but a bad thing by the majority of people worried about losing their individual freedom and choice, most of us have a love/hate or an ambivalent attitude toward government helping them out, even in these economic times. It has to do with our self-sufficiency value again, the idea of " I don't need anybody," whereas the majority of us feel guilty if weneed help. 
 
"More particularly, I love what Obama is doing, given what he inherited from Bush. But I think Obama is riding on his charisma with his government stimulus package and his government intervention. Once this personal halo fades away, a lot of independent, middle of the road people who are currently supporting his policies will probably turn against the government protesting the welfare.  That's not the way I feel but I've heard a lot of business-minded people say negative comments about government regulation for his stimulus packing and in particular, in the banking industry and saying that the government shouldn't be involved at all.
 
"Many middle class people who I talk to say 'Things will get better next year," which to me, reflects that eternal optimism of our people, that it seems nearly impossible to imagine, 'Things could get worse.' I ask them why they think it will get better, and they say, 'It can't get worse.'
 
"Finally, to sum up, our values of self-sufficiency and distrust of government directly influence how we interpret our personal financial failures, foreclosures, credit card debt (guilt, not anger) etc. So an interplay of forces is at work, making it hard to distinguish when one personal value  begins and a cultural value ends. Amen."

2 Comments:

Anonymous Anonymous said...

A few comments on your question from my perspective of working on US value systems about the possibility of core values shift:

First, core values rarely change. However, how they are expressed does. That US Americans are going green doesn’t change the core value of controlling nature—just the way we do it. Another example is the emphasis on natural remedies in a new generation didn’t change the sense that we can control our lives, health and longevity. If anything, the sense of control became stronger and more personalized and individualized.

Secondly stress encourages people to revert to core values in a stronger way, E.g., remember how USians became patriotic Americans in the face of 9/11. Core values are there to help us survive and succeed in the environment we live in. So in this moment it is not surprising that there is a shift to “good old values”

Thirdly, in all values systems certain values will trump each other given the stress on the environment. E.g., under the Bush admin, law and order frequently trumped freedom of speech. Research that I did at the last Bush election showed that all the political candidates used the same values system in their campaigns but different in how they were to achieve these values. Obama is using the same. No one could get elected without showing the public solidarity with their values. The issue is what values are stressed and what behaviors are chosen to bring them about. Behaviors, however, may shift a lot, even contradictorily in order to maintain values (in which identity is rooted).

Finally, I am currently finishing a reread of Studs Terkel’s book on the Great Depression of the 1930’s , Hard Times. You will recognize much of what is going on there. Will there be a shift from the value of capitalism? I doubt it. Most everybody, Mr. Obama included is out to repair the system, not replace it. Accusations and denials of socialism will continue, of course now as they did back then.

April 29, 2009 at 8:56 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

These comments from my colleague Peter Isackson are relevant:

"Short term - and sometimes even long term - changes in behaviour that become statistically significant are not necessarily indications of shifts in values. One of the key things we, as interculturalists, work on is the unstable relationship between behaviour and values. When indicating what effects cultures will produce in a new situation - an activity we do more than we should do because we are expected to do so, much in the way sports journalists are expected to predict outcomes of football matches - we comfort and reinforce the idea that cultural values determine, rather than subtly influence behaviour. And of course they don't determine, but they do influence.

"In this particular case I think the circumstances mechanically dictate the reflex to save rather than spend in US society. It's a defensive position: you can't spend if the money isn't there, so while it isn't there you save to be able to spend in the future. Your survival will make that possible, but that doesn't obliterate the consumer instinct that is at the heart of US culture and linked to values such as capitalism, self-reliance and the "pursuit of happiness" which Jefferson wrote into the Declaration of Independence. I would suggest that all values have a defensive and an offensive strain. In the right circumstances, they will be offensive and reveal themselves dominating. In difficult circumstances, they will retreat but only if the onslaught is permanent (over several generation) will they actually morph into something else, and even then rarely if ever their opposite.

"As for the US going green, there has always been a green sentiment deep in US culture, linked to the ambiguous mythology of the frontier, where it was man and nature but at the same time man against nature. The current crisis gives some - but not all that much - impetus to the "America the beautiful" sentiment (the "spacious skies" and "amber waves of grain" that, by the way, replaced the more "natural" hunting grounds of the natives). But it won't do much to stifle the "man's vocation is to conquer the planet and the moon (already done) and then the universe" strain in US culture."

April 29, 2009 at 9:09 AM  

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